Hyperpigmentation and Menopause: Understanding and Treating Age Spots
6 min read
October 04,2024
SKIN SCIENCE
Hyperpigmentation and Menopause: Understanding and Treating Age Spots
6 min read
October 04,2024
SKIN SCIENCE
Entering menopause can bring about many changes, and one common skin issue you might notice is hyperpigmentation—those pesky dark spots that seem to appear out of nowhere. These dark spots may feel like an unwelcome sign of aging, but it's important to remember that you're not alone. With the proper knowledge, you can understand the story of the hormonal changes happening under your skin that these spots can tell you.
Entering menopause can bring about many changes, and one common skin issue you might notice is hyperpigmentation—those pesky dark spots that seem to appear out of nowhere. These dark spots may feel like an unwelcome sign of aging, but it's important to remember that you're not alone. With the proper knowledge, you can understand the story of the hormonal changes happening under your skin that these spots can tell you.
01
What Is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition associated with aging, often appears as patches of skin darker than the surrounding areas due to an excess production of melanin. Melanin, a pigment found in human hair, skin, and eyes, gives skin its tone and color.[1]Special cells called melanocytes create and transfer melanin to surrounding cells. Hyperpigmentation happens when these melanocytes overproduce melanin, leading to dark patches on the skin. While melanin helps your skin protect against sun damage, the reasons for overactive production remain unclear, especially since not all hyperpigmentation is linked to UV exposure.[1]
Common Types of Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation manifests in various forms, each with distinct characteristics and causes, including:
- Melasma: Often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy,” melasma presents as large brown patches on the face, typically on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It is primarily triggered by hormonal changes, making it particularly prevalent during pregnancy and menopause.[2]
- Age Spots (Solar Lentigines): These small, darkened areas of skin usually appear on sun-exposed regions, such as the face, hands, and shoulders. Age spots are a result of prolonged sun exposure and are more common if you’re over 40.[3]
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): This type occurs after an inflammatory skin condition, such as acne, eczema, or psoriasis. When the skin heals, it can leave behind dark spots or patches.[3]
01
What Is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition associated with aging, often appears as patches of skin darker than the surrounding areas due to an excess production of melanin. Melanin, a pigment found in human hair, skin, and eyes, gives skin its tone and color.[1]Special cells called melanocytes create and transfer melanin to surrounding cells. Hyperpigmentation happens when these melanocytes overproduce melanin, leading to dark patches on the skin. While melanin helps your skin protect against sun damage, the reasons for overactive production remain unclear, especially since not all hyperpigmentation is linked to UV exposure.[1]
Common Types of Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation manifests in various forms, each with distinct characteristics and causes, including:
- Melasma: Often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy,” melasma presents as large brown patches on the face, typically on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It is primarily triggered by hormonal changes, making it particularly prevalent during pregnancy and menopause.[2]
- Age Spots (Solar Lentigines): These small, darkened areas of skin usually appear on sun-exposed regions, such as the face, hands, and shoulders. Age spots are a result of prolonged sun exposure and are more common if you’re over 40.[3]
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): This type occurs after an inflammatory skin condition, such as acne, eczema, or psoriasis. When the skin heals, it can leave behind dark spots or patches.[3]
The Link Between Menopause and Hyperpigmentation
During menopause, you might experience a significant decline in estrogen levels, which contributes to several skin changes. Although the direct link is controversial, some studies suggest that estrogen and progesterone regulate pathways associated with melanin biosynthesis. Combined with thinner skin that is more sensitive to UV exposure and higher rates of cellular senescence, the skin of post-menopausal women is more likely to overproduce melanin and develop hyperpigmentation.[4,5]
The Link Between Menopause and Hyperpigmentation
During menopause, you might experience a significant decline in estrogen levels, which contributes to several skin changes. Although the direct link is controversial, some studies suggest that estrogen and progesterone regulate pathways associated with melanin biosynthesis. Combined with thinner skin that is more sensitive to UV exposure and higher rates of cellular senescence, the skin of post-menopausal women is more likely to overproduce melanin and develop hyperpigmentation.[4,5]
02
Hyperpigmentation Prevention and Management Strategies
Take control of hyperpigmentation with these proven strategies:
- Sun protection: The best strategy for managing hyperpigmentation is prevention. Daily sun protection is essential, especially for menopausal skin, which may be more vulnerable to sun damage and irritation from sunburns. In addition to sunscreen, sun-protective clothing can help prevent prolonged UV exposure. Don't settle for just any SPF, however. Powered by our OS-01 peptide, OneSkin’s OS-01 FACE SPF and OS-01 BODY SPF are 100% mineral broad spectrum 30+ SPF and tackle the root causes of hyperpigmentation, providing skin protection and rejuvenation. Continue reading to learn how the OS-01 peptide impacts hyperpigmentation.
- Laser therapy: These treatments use specialized lasers to break down melanin deposits in the skin. While an effective treatment for some, some types of laser therapy can be painful and even cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation for some skin types.[6,7]
- Microdermabrasion: Microdermabrasion is a non-invasive procedure that exfoliates the skin, removes dead skin cells, and promotes cell turnover. With consistent sessions, microdermabrasion can help fade dark spots and smooth your overall complexion. Pacing out these treatments is vital as the resurfaced skin requires time to heal to avoid over-exfoliation, which can have the opposite effect.[6,8]
- Chemical peels: Similar to microdermabrasion, chemical peels exfoliate the upper layers of the skin. Most chemical peels, however, are relatively mild and can only fade superficial hyperpigmentation. The strongest in-office chemical peels penetrate deep into the epidermis and dermis and tackle hyperpigmentation deep within the skin.[6,9]
- Topical treatments: Using creams with hydroquinone, kojic acid, or retinoids can help fade hyperpigmentation, but they can also cause some issues. Kojic acid and retinol treatments can be harsh on sensitive or dry post-menopausal skin, causing redness and peeling.[6] Similarly, although effective, hydroquinone can irritate your skin and sometimes cause ochronosis, a blue-black discoloration.[6] Finding the right ingredients for your skin type is important; the right treatment can make all the difference!
02
Hyperpigmentation Prevention and Management Strategies
Take control of hyperpigmentation with these proven strategies:
- Sun protection: The best strategy for managing hyperpigmentation is prevention. Daily sun protection is essential, especially for menopausal skin, which may be more vulnerable to sun damage and irritation from sunburns. In addition to sunscreen, sun-protective clothing can help prevent prolonged UV exposure. Don't settle for just any SPF, however. Powered by our OS-01 peptide, OneSkin’s OS-01 FACE SPF and OS-01 BODY SPF are 100% mineral broad spectrum 30+ SPF and tackle the root causes of hyperpigmentation, providing skin protection and rejuvenation. Continue reading to learn how the OS-01 peptide impacts hyperpigmentation.
- Laser therapy: These treatments use specialized lasers to break down melanin deposits in the skin. While an effective treatment for some, some types of laser therapy can be painful and even cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation for some skin types.[6,7]
- Microdermabrasion: Microdermabrasion is a non-invasive procedure that exfoliates the skin, removes dead skin cells, and promotes cell turnover. With consistent sessions, microdermabrasion can help fade dark spots and smooth your overall complexion. Pacing out these treatments is vital as the resurfaced skin requires time to heal to avoid over-exfoliation, which can have the opposite effect.[6,8]
- Chemical peels: Similar to microdermabrasion, chemical peels exfoliate the upper layers of the skin. Most chemical peels, however, are relatively mild and can only fade superficial hyperpigmentation. The strongest in-office chemical peels penetrate deep into the epidermis and dermis and tackle hyperpigmentation deep within the skin.[6,9]
- Topical treatments: Using creams with hydroquinone, kojic acid, or retinoids can help fade hyperpigmentation, but they can also cause some issues. Kojic acid and retinol treatments can be harsh on sensitive or dry post-menopausal skin, causing redness and peeling.[6] Similarly, although effective, hydroquinone can irritate your skin and sometimes cause ochronosis, a blue-black discoloration.[6] Finding the right ingredients for your skin type is important; the right treatment can make all the difference!
03
Can the OS-01 peptide address hyperpigmentation?
Tired of the downsides of typical hyperpigmentation creams? So were we! That’s why our scientists put our OS-01 peptide to the test against kojic acid and retinoic acid. Since the OS-01 peptide is known to tackle a root cause of hyperpigmentation—cellular aging—we believed it could be effective at reducing melanin deposits in skin, thereby reducing hyperpigmentation.[10, 11]Here’s how we tested it:
- Induce hyperpigmentation: In a lab study, our scientists induced melanin production in human skin cells in vitro (melanocytes) by exposing them to IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine), a molecule that mimics one of the main pathways induced by UV radiation and also imitates a pathway induced by ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), a hormone that is thought to be one of the main factors behind melasma.
- Expose melanocytes to different treatments: After the melanocytes were exposed to IBMX to induce melanin production, we treated the melanocytes with either nothing (positive control), retinoic acid, kojic acid, or the OS-01 peptide.
- Measure resulting melanin production: Finally, we measured the amount of melanin production both intracellularly (inside the cells) and extracellularly (outside of the cells).
03
Can the OS-01 peptide address hyperpigmentation?
Tired of the downsides of typical hyperpigmentation creams? So were we! That’s why our scientists put our OS-01 peptide to the test against kojic acid and retinoic acid. Since the OS-01 peptide is known to tackle a root cause of hyperpigmentation—cellular aging—we believed it could be effective at reducing melanin deposits in skin, thereby reducing hyperpigmentation.[10, 11]Here’s how we tested it:
- Induce hyperpigmentation: In a lab study, our scientists induced melanin production in human skin cells in vitro (melanocytes) by exposing them to IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine), a molecule that mimics one of the main pathways induced by UV radiation and also imitates a pathway induced by ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), a hormone that is thought to be one of the main factors behind melasma.
- Expose melanocytes to different treatments: After the melanocytes were exposed to IBMX to induce melanin production, we treated the melanocytes with either nothing (positive control), retinoic acid, kojic acid, or the OS-01 peptide.
- Measure resulting melanin production: Finally, we measured the amount of melanin production both intracellularly (inside the cells) and extracellularly (outside of the cells).
Shown in skin cells (melanocytes) in vitro, comparing the effects of the OS-01 peptide to retinoic acid and kojic acid on intracellular and extracellular melanin production.
Shown in skin cells (melanocytes) in vitro, comparing the effects of the OS-01 peptide to retinoic acid and kojic acid on intracellular and extracellular melanin production.
And guess what? Our OS-01 peptide outperformed the other treatments, reducing melanin significantly more. [11] Found in all our topical supplements and SPFs, the OS-01 peptide is truly a game-changer for reducing the underlying mechanism of hyperpigmentation. In fact, after just 6 weeks of using OS-01 FACE, 68.4% of users agreed that their dark spots (hyperpigmentation) had improved.
And guess what? Our OS-01 peptide outperformed the other treatments, reducing melanin significantly more. [11] Found in all our topical supplements and SPFs, the OS-01 peptide is truly a game-changer for reducing the underlying mechanism of hyperpigmentation. In fact, after just 6 weeks of using OS-01 FACE, 68.4% of users agreed that their dark spots (hyperpigmentation) had improved.
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Key Takeaways:
- Hyperpigmentation is a prevalent skin condition characterized by dark patches resulting from excessive melanin production.
- Hyperpigmentation manifests in several forms, each with unique causes and characteristics.
- Hormonal changes during menopause can trigger hyperpigmentation due to changing hormone levels and increased skin sensitivity.
- Managing hyperpigmentation effectively requires tailored treatment plans suited to individual skin types and conditions. Choosing the right ingredients and methods that work harmoniously with your skin is crucial.
- The OS-01 peptide has demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing melanin production than other leading topical treatments.
Key Takeaways:
- Hyperpigmentation is a prevalent skin condition characterized by dark patches resulting from excessive melanin production.
- Hyperpigmentation manifests in several forms, each with unique causes and characteristics.
- Hormonal changes during menopause can trigger hyperpigmentation due to changing hormone levels and increased skin sensitivity.
- Managing hyperpigmentation effectively requires tailored treatment plans suited to individual skin types and conditions. Choosing the right ingredients and methods that work harmoniously with your skin is crucial.
- The OS-01 peptide has demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing melanin production than other leading topical treatments.
References
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671032/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574745/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304091/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772914/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12473056/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4142815/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532248/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535383/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6122508/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-023-00109-1
- Based on data from clinical studies and/or lab studies conducted on human skin samples, 3D skin models, and skin cells in the OneSkin lab. Explore more at oneskin.co/claims
References
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671032/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574745/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304091/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772914/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12473056/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4142815/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532248/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535383/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6122508/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-023-00109-1
- Based on data from clinical studies and/or lab studies conducted on human skin samples, 3D skin models, and skin cells in the OneSkin lab. Explore more at oneskin.co/claims
Reviewed by Alessandra Zonari, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) and Co-Founder of OneSkin
Alessandra earned her Master’s degree in stem cell biology, and her PhD in skin regeneration and tissue engineering at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil in collaboration with the 3B’s Research Group in Portugal. Alessandra did a second post-doctoral at the University of Coimbra in Portugal. She is a co-inventor of three patents and has published 20 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals.
Reviewed by Alessandra Zonari, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) and Co-Founder of OneSkin
Alessandra earned her Master’s degree in stem cell biology, and her PhD in skin regeneration and tissue engineering at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil in collaboration with the 3B’s Research Group in Portugal. Alessandra did a second post-doctoral at the University of Coimbra in Portugal. She is a co-inventor of three patents and has published 20 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals.